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Visualization
- Visualize The Future
- Wide Angle
- Hollywood
- A Mixed View
- Electromagnetic
- Vision
- Color
- X-Ray
- Lasers
- Optics in Everyday Life
- Optics in Science
- Light Microscopes
- Electron Microscopes
- Medical Imaging
- Eye Glasses
- Surveillance
- Telescopes
- Optics in Review
- TV
- Scientific Visualization
- Virtual Reality
- What's Next ?
Other Pages
Visualizing The Future
Quicklinks on this Page
Rough Cut: At First Sight |
Wide Angle
Shadows dance. Intense rays burn rock into
dust. Cosmic radiation warps time and gives stars their twinkle.
Rainbows hide in prisms. A fire burns. A mirror breaks. A
bulb needs replacing. Even mystical lakes in fairytales reflect
the sad face of a princess in search of her long, lost love.
Light. We need it to see. Our eyes take light and convert
the universe into a paradise of image. Some even think God
is light. Ancient Egyptians once worshiped the sun. Now, in
the New Millennium, scientists are working on turning light
into power.
How we see the world ranges from microscopes to telescopes
to what we see inside our minds. And everyone sees things
differently.
Light can play many tricks on our eyes...or is it our perceptions?
The thrust behind exploring the world of visualization is
really an exploration in reality vs. fantasy. The manipulation
of reality is as easy as the manipulation of a photograph
in Adobe's Photoshop.
Take the movie, Jurassic Park, for instance. We don't
know what a dinosaur looks like, obviously, because no one
has ever seen one. We rely on our current natural world and
the insight of Paleontologists to give us the most likely
scenario. After years of reconstructing dinosaurs from bones
and the age in which they lived, paleontologists, archeologists,
historians, and even philosophers and artists have done a
pretty good job, we assume, of painting an accurate picture.
Steven Spielberg consulted a number of scientists and academicians
before bringing dinosaurs to the screen. All along the route
of recreation was a host of experts, writers, and graphic
artists who provided a constant check and balance against
what could and couldn't be. Common sense certainly played
a role. Its unlikely dinosaurs were pink or paisley, or ran
upside down, or spoke a language. But then again, in Hollywood,
anything is possible. A talking pink dinosaur is not completely
out of the question.
But seeing is far more subtle--and complex--than seeing a
physical object or representation of a physical object. How
we "see" the world is what we call our "worldview." When we
look at the past or the future, some see triumph, others see
disaster. Some people have wildly vivid imaginations. Others
see the world in terms of black and white.
Some people look at the world through satellites floating
in Outerspace. Others peer through microscopes at things billionths
of nanometers small. Some claim they've seen "the coming of
the Messiah" while still others claim they see nothing but
evil in the world.
What we can't see with our eyes we see with our imaginations.
There is no more powerful tool for visualization than the
imagination. With imagination, we can see events before they
happen. We can practice doing something before actually doing
it, so we don't get hurt. Flight simulators serve this purpose.
What we can't see, we can model and simulate, like weather
patterns or the universe expanding (or contracting). We can
also act out our sexual fantasies without breaking anyone's
moral code.
Again, the overriding question is, "Is the world what we see
with our own eyes or is it what we see in our minds?"
In crime, lawyers, judges and juries rely on witness testimonies
and evidence to determine guilt or innocence. Sometimes witnesses
lie; sometimes they are unsure of what they saw. Evidence
can be circumstantial. Abuse cases are particularly troublesome
since rarely does anyone ever see an abuser in action. Physical
wounds can heal before they are photographed. And emotional
abuse can't be photographed.
In journalism, journalists strive to be objective. The information
they provide must come from reliable sources. But news organizations
are well known for their "slant," often depicted in terms
of liberal or conservative. And everyone knows liberals and
conservatives most definitely do not see eye-to-eye. Some
reporting agencies are biased, and in many instances, under
harsh scrutiny, are clearly prejudiced.
Cultural differences are the most problematic. It is within
the realm of culture that legends, myths and beliefs are the
tools used to describe that which we cannot see...like God.
Terrorism in the name of religion is clearly an expression
of how world cultures see things differently. However, terrorism
doesn't work. An act of terrorism does not help us see the
other side of an argument. In fact, it blinds us. We are not
persuaded; we are horrified.
We live in a media-saturated culture. Children are endlessly
bombarded with images ranging from depictions of Santa Claus
to Daffy Duck getting his beak blown off in a cartoon. Get
a little older and cartoons turn into video games. Video games
turn into computer screens, TV and the movies. And anything
channeled through a media device is manipulated. It is not
reality; it is a representation of reality, even with real
life documentaries and "reality" TV shows.
Most urban environments are but a fragment of what was once
indigenous. We have so altered the landscape that many people
have completely lost touch with what nature really looks like.
We've turned deserts into resorts, removed mountains, and
changed the course of rivers. It's a wonder the sea isn't
colored chartreuse.
The views of science are as intriguing and dramatic as anything
Hollywood creates, maybe even more so. What does a nanotube
look like, something only billionths of a meter long or high?
Without an accurate measuring stick, it's impossible to see
a "meter" yet alone a "nanometer." Looking outward, no one
knows what the "Big Bang" looked like. We don't even know
what a meteor falling to earth looks like since it happens
in seconds and we could never be close enough to witness the
impact.
And then there's intelligent design. God is almost always
referred to as "he." Since no one has ever seen God, then
obviously "he" is a projected image. Then again, some people
will say they see God in everything. Referring to God as "she"
is still considered a joke in most circles, something only
a comedian or irate feminist would say. God is certainly not
a transsexual, the suggestion of which would be considered
an act of heresy by many. God could also be black or white.
The "he" reference leaves so much to be desired. Is "he" a
child, an old man, or does "he" look like Arnold Schwarzenegger?
Or is God not a person at all, but a force; an invisible force
we cannot see, but only imagine?
Some things in life happen too fast, too faraway, in the past
or future, or behind rock so thick not even Superman can see
with X-ray vision. We send probes into Outerspace and into
the earth's crust to do our looking for us. We use time-lapse
photography to show us how things look as they change over
time. Our vision is limited. We need pictures.
There are two myths this exploration into the visual realm
will help destroy. First, there is the belief that "Every
picture tells a story." Two, "A picture says 1000 words."
Sure, pictures tell stories, but what stories? Anyone who
has ever lighted a subject in a photography studio or worked
with a graphics program like Photoshop knows to what extent
pictures can be altered. When it comes to moving pictures,
Hollywood has no qualms about spending millions of dollars
to shape a 30 second scene precisely according to a director's
"vision." When it comes to a 1000 words, in the news, it's
not often what the camera sees but what it doesn't that tells
the "real" story, or the "other side" of the story.
In other words, how many of us are living in fantasy worlds
and don't even know it?
A popular theme running through many college curriculums is
the "deconstruction of reality." In simpler terms, the theme
is an attempt to cut through the "hype." But then, just what
is hype? How has the advertising community used imagery to
influence us as consumers? How have history books used words,
pictures and drawings to portray characters and events from
the past? How do Whites see Blacks and Blacks see Whites?
Is the suicide bomber from Iraq a terrorist or freedom fighter?
There are other myths such as, "I'll believe it when I see
it," or, "I won't believe it until I can hold it in my hands,"
and "Seeing is believing." Few poets would argue that the
more people who can "see with their hearts," a better place
the world would be.
The tools for visualization in the 21st century have become
quite sophisticated. From electron microscopes to camera probes
on distant planets, from 3D architectural rendering and war
simulation software to digital art and webcams--it's safe
to say, we want to see everything.
Yet, the biggest question of all: How do we see the future?
What does the future look like to someone who's blind? How
will the world look to a blind person fitted with artificially-intelligent
eyes? What exactly are we seeing or not seeing that determines
a positive or negative outlook? What blocks our vision? Is
it intelligence? Is it hate? Is it fear? Or is it alcohol
and drugs? And...Nothing obscures the vision more than when
we are hurting. Being free from pain allows us to see things
more clearly, and if not, at least more positively.
Rough Cut: At First Sight
The world's oldest known cave paintings were
discovered in the Fumane Cave in northern Italy, near Verona,
according to a BBC news article. The paintings are between
32,000 and 36,500 years old. In another article, an archeological
team found pigments and paint grinding equipment in a cave
at Twin Rivers, near Lusaka, Zambia, believed to be between
350,000 and 400,000 years old.
According to a University of California-Berkeley 2003 press
release, the fossilized skulls of two adults and one child
were discovered in the Afar region of eastern Ethiopia, dated
at 160,000 years. The press release further claims the skulls
as the oldest known fossils of modern humans, or Homo sapiens.
Apparently paint outlasts bones, an eerie foreshadowing of
humankind's current obsession for documenting everything in
site. Foreshadow begets irony. We now bury deep within the
earth's surface and send far into Outerspace, select items
"we" think will best represent what human beings are or were
like…you know, for aliens and other people of the future.
Zoom In: Seeing the Big Bang
Contrast the archeological discoveries with
the current scientific need to not only explain the Big Bang,
but to see it. Science-and just about anyone, for that matter-wants
desperately to see the past. The mission of the NASA Explorer
project, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP),
is to reveal conditions as they existed in the early universe
by measuring the properties of the cosmic microwave background
radiation over the full sky. WMAP data is allegedly accurate
in telling the age of our universe within a 1% margin of error.
Keeping decimal places to a minimum, the answer is: 13.7 billion
years old.
What scientists and all their data fail to see, is that we-the
masses-have a difficult time "seeing" the big bang. What does
cosmic microwave background radiation look like? We hardly
remember yesterday yet alone imagining life 13 plus billion
years ago. What's even worse is when the 3.7 billion number
is misprinted. Would we really know the difference between
3.7 and 4.7 billion?
Filter: What We Don't See
Skulls that are 160,000 years old? Cave paintings
35,000 years old? Somehow a skull just doesn't help visualize
what the rest of the person looked like, and it certainly
doesn't tell us anything about personality, thoughts, dreams,
jobs and love affairs. Well, they really didn't have jobs
back then, so they say. Back then humans spent most of the
time questing for fire and fighting dinosaurs…so they say.
Dinosaurs, by the way, date back 230 million years or so,
give or take a day. They went extinct about 65 million years
ago. Theories abound, but the most popular explanation for
dinosaur extinction was a meteorite.
A meteorite so powerful it can knock out a whole range of
species…now that's something to see.
Prehistoric cave paintings are often enigmatic and subject
to much interpretation. Some drawings resemble four-legged
beasts while others look like human figures with animal heads.
Is that what they really look like? Isn't it more like a Rorschach
test?
The Rorschach test-now there's an interesting way to view
the world around us.
Fast forward-a visualization technique in itself-we rip through
the centuries to find humankind becoming quite adept at capturing
and reflecting the world visually. In paintings and drawings,
visual expression was static; there were no moving pictures.
Sculpture and architecture gave us a more dynamic 3D, if not
4th and 5th dimensional.
Ancient ruins scattered across the globe are treasures for
anyone's eyes. What do they tell us about the past? What hints
do we glimpse of the future? We might see a moment in time,
but how do we see the passage of time?
Prehistoric bones and other broken relics of the past never
tell the full story. Paintings-as remarkable works of art
though they might be-really don't fare much better in storytelling.
A painting of a queen tells us nothing of how she moved or
talked. In ruins-as remarkable works of art though they might
be-tell us nothing of rooms, tunnels and trap doors that may
have existed, holding secrets no one will ever know. We can't
hear the countless conversations that took place on stoned
benches or in gardens...or behind closed doors.
Pan: Capturing Life in the New Millennium
It really wasn't until the 20th century we
began developing techniques for permanently archiving the
past. Chemically treated paintings in temperature controlled
rooms allow countless works of fine art to last far beyond
what nature intended. Nearly every photo, graphic, drawing,
blueprint and technical rendering is now digitized. Once digitized,
it is then backed up, maybe more than once. And now, nanotechnologically-coated
buildings will last eons.
Our system for preservation isn't perfect. In 2005, a hurricane
like Katrina demonstrated how everything can be wiped out
in a matter of hours. The city of New Orleans was never backed
up. There is no replica. And very few companies or individuals
were savvy enough to backup their files in a distant location
in the event of such a natural catastrophe.
Since the disaster, there are plenty of photos and movies
enough so that we really don't need to see the whole thing.
We don't need to re-experience the whole thing to know what
it was like. But, a video capture of a corpse floating down
the flooded streets of New Orleans tells a different story
than another video capture of an old woman being rescued from
a burning house by a heroic firefighter.
So whatever pictures, graphics, photos, films and other renderings
we have, there still remains the question of what exactly
do they all represent? Do we get a visual of how the world
really is at a given moment, or is it how we interpret such
reproductions? Only the architect really knows how the building
will look from a blueprint rendering. Usually the architect
builds a scaled model, so others can see what a structure
will look like.
Architecture goes far beyond mere single structures. There
are planned communities, city expansion, highway networks
and transcontinental optical and satellite networks. For every
one person who is capable of "drawing" up such a vast plan,
the rest of us sit back and watch.
So, most of the world around us is an expression of very few
visionaries in contrast to the masses. If asked, no doubt
most of us would have an opinion on at least one place a road
should go or what color a particular building should be. But,
seldom are most of us ever asked about how we "see" things.
Close Up: Storytellers
Whatever holes in history remain unfilled
by ruins, paintings and chipped fossils, words come to the
rescue. Our world is deeply enriched by literature old and
new. Whether it's the Bible, Faust, Aesop's Fables, Alice
in Wonderland, War and Peace, To Kill a Mockingbird or Harry
Potter, wordsmiths have shaped our view of the world far
beyond the limits of our own imaginations.
The enduring question is: At what price has reality been sacrificed?
We've got cave paintings, skulls, relics, broken architecture
and now fanciful words to weave exotic tales. But do we really
see what was or what is?
In the Digital Age, it seems ironic illiteracy would be a
major global issue. Poverty and lack of resources explains
most of the 3rd world illiteracy problems. But it's the media
that explains why so many people in the Industrial and Digital
Age are unable to read anything much beyond a newspaper headline.
Well, that's the critical view.
Worldwide sales for the Harry Potter series of books-7
in total-has reached the 250 million mark. The seventh book,
as of 2005, has yet to be published. Of course, J.K. Rowling's
imaginative tales of a young wizard amounts to nothing short
of a phenomenon. Still, the publishing industry shows no signs
of slowed growth. In fact, thanks to the Internet, particularly
websites like Amazon.com, book sales have increased, eBooks
are read on laptops and self-publishing has become a cottage
industry.
Plus, the Google search engine claims to search over 4 billion
web pages, most of which are comprised of text.
When language began is a controversial debate. Some say it
started from day one, in the Garden of Eden. Others say 150,000
years ago, when humans were ape-like, beating their chests
and uttering animal sounds. Since we don't know, we can only
imagine.
When we can't imagine, and when fragmented rocks, bits of
bones and time-worn cave paintings leave us wanting, it is
the storyteller who paints the picture for us.
Ancient storytellers were once the only form of entertainment
around. From African witchdoctors to American Indian wise
men, from Aesop to grandpa sitting around a campfire, these
word-of-mouth storytellers gave us an engaging way to remember
past events and pass them on to new generations. But, as we
all know, storytellers have a tendency to fib a little…you
know, stretch the truth for dramatic purposes.
In the new millennium, storytelling is big business. New technologies
like DVD, the Internet, supercomputers, satellite/wireless
and nanotechnology allow for the transmission and storage
of huge amounts of visual/audio data across a global network.
From digital film (an oxymoron) to computer simulations, from
text descriptions to mathematical formulas, we've captured
just about everything.
We can see the universe expanding. We can see a cell forming.
We can look out across millions of light-years and watch matter
crash into anti-matter. We can see war, poverty, disease and
crime. We watch graphs that help us predict earthquakes and
hurricanes. We simulate battlefield scenarios during the development
of new weapons.
The problem is that we humans just don't see eye-to-eye on
certain things. Sometimes we're not sure what we see. Was
it a foggy night? Are you sure the license plate read UFH-443
and not UFF-887? When you heard the shot, did it sound like
it came from in the house or the shed? Did you happen to take
a picture of the "thing" you saw flying across the sky?
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